Net income in 2007 included gains of approximately $2,000 relating to the sale of nonstrategic properties. Of this amount, approximately $1,100 related to downstream assets and $680 related to the sale of the company's investment in Dynegy Inc.

Other financial information is as follows:

Year ended December 31
2007 2006 2005
Total financing interest and debt costs $ 468 $ 608 $ 542
Less: Capitalized interest 302 157 60
Interest and debt expense $ 166 $ 451 $ 482
Research and development expenses $ 562 $ 468 $ 316
Foreign currency effects* $ (352) $ (219) $ (61)

*Includes $18, $15 and $(2) in 2007, 2006 and 2005, respectively, for the company's share of equity affiliates' foreign currency effects.

The excess of replacement cost over the carrying value of inventories for which the Last-In, First-Out (LIFO) method is used was $6,958 and $6,010 at December 31, 2007 and 2006, respectively. Replacement cost is generally based on average acquisition costs for the year. LIFO profits of $113, $82 and $34 were included in net income for the years 2007, 2006 and 2005, respectively.